Rugby Union is played by two teams of 15 players, who are allowed to carry, kick and throw the ball. Players attempt to score points by placing the ball on or over the opponents’ goal line (a try) or by kicking it over the crossbar (a goal).

The pitch must be of grass, or clay or sand provided the surface is not dangerous. The touchlines are not part of the playing area.

The referee is in charge of the game, but he may take the advice of the touch judges in matters of time and, in certain games, players’ misconduct. He uses a whistle to indicate the start and end of play, scores and infringements. Players must not dispute his decisions and must obtain his permission to leave or reenter the pitch during play. The two touch judges remain off the playing area except when standing behind the posts to judge a kick at the goal. They indicate touch and other decisions with a flag.

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