The shot is put from a circle and must land within the marked sector. If there are fewer than eight competitors, each one generally has six trials. Otherwise competitors generally have three trials and then the best eight competitors have a further three. The winner is the competitor with the best distance in his six trials. A tie is decided by the competitors’ second-best throws.

The shot is made of solid iron, brass or any metal not softer than brass, or a shell of such metal filled with lead or other material. It must be spherical in shape and smooth-surfaced. The minimum weight for men is 7.26kg (16lb) and for women 4kg (8.8lb).

Shoes are without spikes since a concrete surface is recommended for within the circle.

The circle is bounded by a white-painted band of iron, steel or wood. Concrete is recommended for the surface within the circle. There is a raised stopboard for this event.

Measurement takes place immediately after each trial. Puts are measured from the nearest mark made by the shot to the inner edge of the ring bounding the circle. Measurement is along a line from the mark and through the centre of the circle. Distances are recorded to the nearest 1cm (1/4in) below the distance put.

The javelin is thrown from behind an arc and must land within the marked sector. If there are fewer than eight competitors, each one generally has six trials. Otherwise competitors generally have three trials and then the best eight competitors have a further three. The winner is the competitor with the best distance in his six trials. A tie is decided by the competitors’ second-best throws.

Shoes have sole and heel spikes. A maximum of eleven spikes with a maximum 12mm length and 4mm diameter is permitted.

The javelin must be without mobile parts. The cord grip is around the centre of gravity. The minimum weight for men is 800g (1.8lb) and for women 600g (1.3lb).

Landing
The javelin must land tip first but need not stick in the ground. It must land within the inner edge of the sector lines and leave a visible mark.

Broken javelin
If the javelin breaks in the air, a trial is not counted, provided the throw accords with the rules.

The arc is of wood or metal painted white and sunk flush with the ground, or is simply a painted white line.

Measurement
A throw is measured from the nearest mark made by the head of the javelin (a) to the inner edge of the circumference of the arc (b). Measurement is along a line from the mark and through the centre of the radius of the arc. Distances are recorded to the nearest even unit of 2cm (1in) below the distance thrown.

The discus is thrown from a circle and must land within the marked sector. If there are fewer than eight competitors, each one generally has six trials. Otherwise competitors generally have three trials and then the best eight competitors have a further three. The winner is the competitor with the best distance in his six trials. A tie is decided by the competitors’ second-best throws.

The discus
A smooth metal rim is permanently attached to the body of the discus, which is made of wood or other suitable material. A weight is secured in the centre. Minimum discus weights are 2kg (4lb 6.5oz) for men, and 1kg (2lb 3.2oz) for women.

Shoes without spikes are worn for discus and hammer events.

Position on the field
Discus and hammer events are generally held in the same area so that only one safety cage is needed.

The circle is similar to that used for the shot put, but without the stopboard.

The hammer is thrown from a circle and must land within the marked sector. As in other throwing events some competitors may be eliminated after three trials. The winner is the competitor with the best distance in his six trials. A tie is decided by the competitors’ second-best trials.

Hammer glove
A right-handed competitor should wear a glove on his left hand.

The hammer
The spherical head is of any metal not softer than brass, or has a shell of such metal filled with lead or other material. The head is attached by a swivel to the handle, which is a single length of steel wire with a diameter of 3mm (1/8in).
The grip may be a single or double loop but must not have hinging joints.
Neither the handle nor the grip must stretch appreciably during throwing.
The minimum weight for a complete hammer is 7.260kg.

Cage
For safety reasons the circle for the hammer and discus events is shielded by a netting cage with a metal frame.

Measurements
A throw is measured from the nearest mark made by the head of the hammer to the inner edge of the ring bounding the circle.
Measurement is along a line from the mark and through the centre of the circle.
Distances are recorded to the nearest 2cm (1in) below the distance thrown.

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